Journal:

Article Title: Characteristics and Dynamics of Bacterial Populations during Postantibiotic Effect Determined by Flow Cytometry

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: MICs, multiples of MICs, and duration of PAEs for organism-antibiotic combinations studied by flow cytometry

Article Snippet: Growth curves from typical PAE experiments with ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin (each at a concentration equivalent to twice the MIC) against E. coli are shown in Fig. A. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Organism Antibiotic MIC (μg/ml) Multiple of MIC PAE (h) E. coli ATCC 25922 Ampicillin 2.0 2 −0.3 4 −0.4 8 −0.3 Ceftriaxone 0.03 2 −0.3 4 −0.2 8 −0.5 Gentamicin 1.0 1 0.7 2 0.6 Ciprofloxacin 0.015 1 1.5 2 2.7 Rifampin 16 1 0.6 2 1.5 P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 Imipenem 2.0 2 1.3 4 1.9 8 2.6 Ciprofloxacin 0.5 2 0.7 Open in a separate window MICs, multiples of MICs, and duration of PAEs for organism-antibiotic combinations studied by flow cytometry fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window FIG. 1 caption a7 (A) A typical PAE experiment for E. coli ATCC 25922 after exposure to ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin (each at a concentration equivalent to twice the MIC), as determined by viability counting.

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: Characteristics and Dynamics of Bacterial Populations during Postantibiotic Effect Determined by Flow Cytometry

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) A typical PAE experiment for E. coli ATCC 25922 after exposure to ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin (each at a concentration equivalent to twice the MIC), as determined by viability counting. As shown, no PAE was seen after ceftriaxone exposure, but ciprofloxacin induced a PAE of 1.9 h. The organisms were stained with propidium iodide and examined by fluorescence microscopy. (B through D) Photomicrographs of untreated control organisms (B), ceftriaxone-exposed organisms 35 min after drug removal (C), and ciprofloxacin-exposed organisms 270 min after drug removal (D). Both antibiotics induced filamentation, but this morphological form persisted past the classically defined PAE in organisms exposed to ciprofloxacin. Magnification, ×880.

Article Snippet: Growth curves from typical PAE experiments with ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin (each at a concentration equivalent to twice the MIC) against E. coli are shown in Fig. A. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Organism Antibiotic MIC (μg/ml) Multiple of MIC PAE (h) E. coli ATCC 25922 Ampicillin 2.0 2 −0.3 4 −0.4 8 −0.3 Ceftriaxone 0.03 2 −0.3 4 −0.2 8 −0.5 Gentamicin 1.0 1 0.7 2 0.6 Ciprofloxacin 0.015 1 1.5 2 2.7 Rifampin 16 1 0.6 2 1.5 P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 Imipenem 2.0 2 1.3 4 1.9 8 2.6 Ciprofloxacin 0.5 2 0.7 Open in a separate window MICs, multiples of MICs, and duration of PAEs for organism-antibiotic combinations studied by flow cytometry fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window FIG. 1 caption a7 (A) A typical PAE experiment for E. coli ATCC 25922 after exposure to ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin (each at a concentration equivalent to twice the MIC), as determined by viability counting.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Staining, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Control

Journal:

Article Title: Characteristics and Dynamics of Bacterial Populations during Postantibiotic Effect Determined by Flow Cytometry

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histograms showing a comparison of the size distribution (FSC-H) (left panels) and nucleic acid content (FL2-H) (middle panels) of E. coli during the PAE after exposure to ampicillin at a concentration equivalent to twice the MIC at 35 min after drug removal and after exposure to rifampin at a concentration equivalent to the MIC (lower panels) at 90 min after drug removal. Dotted-and-dashed lines, control organisms; solid lines, organisms previously exposed to the antibiotics. (Upper right graph) Progressive changes in size, compared to sizes of control organisms, as a function of time after previous exposure to ampicillin. (Lower right graph) Summary of the minimal changes in size that were noted after previous exposure to rifampin. The sizes of the antibiotic-treated organisms were compared to three size intervals derived from the control, which are described in text and shown in Fig. ​Fig.2.2. Open circles, bacteria in the PAE phase which were within 2 SDs of control size; solid squares, bacteria within 2 to 4 SDs; open squares, organisms >4 SDs from the control distribution.

Article Snippet: Growth curves from typical PAE experiments with ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin (each at a concentration equivalent to twice the MIC) against E. coli are shown in Fig. A. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Organism Antibiotic MIC (μg/ml) Multiple of MIC PAE (h) E. coli ATCC 25922 Ampicillin 2.0 2 −0.3 4 −0.4 8 −0.3 Ceftriaxone 0.03 2 −0.3 4 −0.2 8 −0.5 Gentamicin 1.0 1 0.7 2 0.6 Ciprofloxacin 0.015 1 1.5 2 2.7 Rifampin 16 1 0.6 2 1.5 P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 Imipenem 2.0 2 1.3 4 1.9 8 2.6 Ciprofloxacin 0.5 2 0.7 Open in a separate window MICs, multiples of MICs, and duration of PAEs for organism-antibiotic combinations studied by flow cytometry fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window FIG. 1 caption a7 (A) A typical PAE experiment for E. coli ATCC 25922 after exposure to ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin (each at a concentration equivalent to twice the MIC), as determined by viability counting.

Techniques: Comparison, Concentration Assay, Control, Derivative Assay, Bacteria

Journal:

Article Title: Characteristics and Dynamics of Bacterial Populations during Postantibiotic Effect Determined by Flow Cytometry

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histograms showing a comparison of the size distributions (FSC-H; left panels) and nucleic acid contents (FL2-H; middle panels) of E. coli during the PAE after exposure to ciprofloxacin at a concentration equivalent to the MIC and at a concentration equivalent to twice the MIC at 270 min after drug removal. Dotted-and-dashed lines, control organisms; solid lines, bacteria previously exposed to ciprofloxacin. Graphs (right panels) show progressive changes in size compared to sizes of controls. The sizes of antibiotic-treated organisms were compared to three control size intervals described in the text and shown in Fig. ​Fig.2.2. Open circles, bacteria within 2 SDs of control size; solid squares, bacteria within 2 to 4 SDs; open squares, organisms >4 SDs from the control distribution.

Article Snippet: Growth curves from typical PAE experiments with ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin (each at a concentration equivalent to twice the MIC) against E. coli are shown in Fig. A. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Organism Antibiotic MIC (μg/ml) Multiple of MIC PAE (h) E. coli ATCC 25922 Ampicillin 2.0 2 −0.3 4 −0.4 8 −0.3 Ceftriaxone 0.03 2 −0.3 4 −0.2 8 −0.5 Gentamicin 1.0 1 0.7 2 0.6 Ciprofloxacin 0.015 1 1.5 2 2.7 Rifampin 16 1 0.6 2 1.5 P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 Imipenem 2.0 2 1.3 4 1.9 8 2.6 Ciprofloxacin 0.5 2 0.7 Open in a separate window MICs, multiples of MICs, and duration of PAEs for organism-antibiotic combinations studied by flow cytometry fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window FIG. 1 caption a7 (A) A typical PAE experiment for E. coli ATCC 25922 after exposure to ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin (each at a concentration equivalent to twice the MIC), as determined by viability counting.

Techniques: Comparison, Concentration Assay, Control, Bacteria

Journal:

Article Title: Characteristics and Dynamics of Bacterial Populations during Postantibiotic Effect Determined by Flow Cytometry

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histograms showing the size distributions (FSC-H; left panels) and nucleic acid contents (FL2-H; middle panels) of P. aeruginosa during the PAE after exposure to imipenem at a concentration equivalent to twice the MIC and to ciprofloxacin at a concentration equivalent to the MIC at 180 and 70 min after drug removal, respectively. Dotted-and-dashed lines, control organisms; solid lines, antibiotic-exposed organisms. The graphs (right panels) show progressive changes in size compared to sizes of controls. The sizes of antibiotic-treated organisms were compared to three control size intervals described in text and shown in Fig. ​Fig.2.2. Open circles, bacteria within 2 SDs of control size; solid squares, bacteria within 2 to 4 SDs; open squares, organisms >4 SDs from the control distribution.

Article Snippet: Growth curves from typical PAE experiments with ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin (each at a concentration equivalent to twice the MIC) against E. coli are shown in Fig. A. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Organism Antibiotic MIC (μg/ml) Multiple of MIC PAE (h) E. coli ATCC 25922 Ampicillin 2.0 2 −0.3 4 −0.4 8 −0.3 Ceftriaxone 0.03 2 −0.3 4 −0.2 8 −0.5 Gentamicin 1.0 1 0.7 2 0.6 Ciprofloxacin 0.015 1 1.5 2 2.7 Rifampin 16 1 0.6 2 1.5 P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 Imipenem 2.0 2 1.3 4 1.9 8 2.6 Ciprofloxacin 0.5 2 0.7 Open in a separate window MICs, multiples of MICs, and duration of PAEs for organism-antibiotic combinations studied by flow cytometry fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window FIG. 1 caption a7 (A) A typical PAE experiment for E. coli ATCC 25922 after exposure to ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin (each at a concentration equivalent to twice the MIC), as determined by viability counting.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Control, Bacteria

Journal: Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)

Article Title: Desferrioxamine:gallium-pluronic micelles increase outer membrane permeability and potentiate antibiotic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa †

doi: 10.1039/c8cc08134d

Figure Lengend Snippet: F127-DG2 increases the OM permeability of P. aeruginosa. (A) Targeted F127-DG2/TPE micelles exhibit greater binding to the OM of P. aeruginosa than untargeted F127/TPE micelles based on increased TPE fluorescence (blue). F127-DG2/TPE does not target E. coli due to lack of the necessary OM receptors. Positive control staining performed with FM 4-64FX (red). (B) OM permeabilization with F127-DG2 (64 µM) results in greater HI accumulation (red) in P. aeruginosa than unmodified F127 (64 µM) + DG (128 µM), while E. coli OM permeability is unchanged. Positive control staining performed with SYTO13 (green). (C) NCF hydrolysis occurs more rapidly in P. aeruginosa treated with F127-DG2 (128 µM) than unmodified F127 (128 µM) + DG (256 µM); E. coli OM permeability is unaffected by either polymer. Scale bars represent 2 µm.

Article Snippet: Neither F127-DG 2 nor F127 plus DG potentiated antibiotic activity against E. coli due to lack of the necessary OM receptors for DG. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 P. aeruginosa E. coli Potentiator Antibiotic ATCC 27853 a PAO1 a MDR 2638 a MDR 3072 a MDR 24530 a ATCC 25922 a None ERY 256 256 512 256 512 32 RIF 32 16 8 16 16 4 VAN >1024 >1024 512 >1024 1024 128 F127-DG 2 ERY 64(0.38) 128(0.53) 64(0.25) 128(0.63) 256(0.53) 16(0.75) RIF 8(0.31) 8(0.56) 4(0.53) 8(0.56) 8(0.53) 4(1.25) VAN 32(0.16) 64(0.19) 64(0.19) 64(0.19) 128(0.25) 128(1.25) Open in a separate window a Inhibitory concentrations for antibiotics are given in μg mL −1 , followed by FICIs given in parentheses.

Techniques: Permeability, Binding Assay, Fluorescence, Positive Control, Staining, Polymer

Journal: Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)

Article Title: Desferrioxamine:gallium-pluronic micelles increase outer membrane permeability and potentiate antibiotic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa †

doi: 10.1039/c8cc08134d

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antimicrobial activity of F127-DG 2 or F127 + DG combined with selected antibiotics against P. aeruginosa and E. coli . The MIC of F127-DG 2 alone or free DG was greater than 1024 µM for all strains. FICI o 0.25 considered high synergistic activity, 0.25 o FICI o 0.75 considered moderate synergistic activity, and FICI > 0.75 considered no synergistic activity

Article Snippet: Neither F127-DG 2 nor F127 plus DG potentiated antibiotic activity against E. coli due to lack of the necessary OM receptors for DG. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 P. aeruginosa E. coli Potentiator Antibiotic ATCC 27853 a PAO1 a MDR 2638 a MDR 3072 a MDR 24530 a ATCC 25922 a None ERY 256 256 512 256 512 32 RIF 32 16 8 16 16 4 VAN >1024 >1024 512 >1024 1024 128 F127-DG 2 ERY 64(0.38) 128(0.53) 64(0.25) 128(0.63) 256(0.53) 16(0.75) RIF 8(0.31) 8(0.56) 4(0.53) 8(0.56) 8(0.53) 4(1.25) VAN 32(0.16) 64(0.19) 64(0.19) 64(0.19) 128(0.25) 128(1.25) Open in a separate window a Inhibitory concentrations for antibiotics are given in μg mL −1 , followed by FICIs given in parentheses.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)

Article Title: Desferrioxamine:gallium-pluronic micelles increase outer membrane permeability and potentiate antibiotic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa †

doi: 10.1039/c8cc08134d

Figure Lengend Snippet: Survival of P. aeruginosa cells treated for 4 h shows bacteriostatic activity for ERY when combined with F127-DG2, while RIF and VAN combinations were bactericidal. (A) MHA plates at 0 and 4 hour for cultures of P. aeruginosa treated with F127-DG2 combined with ERY, RIF, or VAN. (A) F127-DG2 combined with ERY is bacteriostatic against P. aeruginosa whereas RIF or VAN are bactericidal. Unmodified F127 + DG combined with tested antibiotics did not result in inhibitory activity against P. aeruginosa and E. coli was also relatively unaffected by either formulation. Note: 128 µM F127-DG2 (or 128 µM F127+ 256 µM DG) and 96 µg mL−1 ERY, 12 µg mL−1 RIF, or 48 µg mL−1 were used against P. aeruginosa. One-way ANOVA performed for P. aeruginosa with F127-DG2 plus antibiotics relative to t = 0 h positive control, ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Neither F127-DG 2 nor F127 plus DG potentiated antibiotic activity against E. coli due to lack of the necessary OM receptors for DG. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 P. aeruginosa E. coli Potentiator Antibiotic ATCC 27853 a PAO1 a MDR 2638 a MDR 3072 a MDR 24530 a ATCC 25922 a None ERY 256 256 512 256 512 32 RIF 32 16 8 16 16 4 VAN >1024 >1024 512 >1024 1024 128 F127-DG 2 ERY 64(0.38) 128(0.53) 64(0.25) 128(0.63) 256(0.53) 16(0.75) RIF 8(0.31) 8(0.56) 4(0.53) 8(0.56) 8(0.53) 4(1.25) VAN 32(0.16) 64(0.19) 64(0.19) 64(0.19) 128(0.25) 128(1.25) Open in a separate window a Inhibitory concentrations for antibiotics are given in μg mL −1 , followed by FICIs given in parentheses.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Formulation, Positive Control

Journal:

Article Title: A Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cell Model to Identify Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Breast Cancer Progression

doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(08)01604-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Drug selection for stable transfection of iMMECs

Article Snippet: The drug used for selection is routinely kept in the regular growth medium thereafter. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Drug Source Final concentration Geneticin Invitrogen 300 μ g/ml Zeocin Invitrogen 100 μ g/ml Open in a separate window Drug selection for stable transfection of iMMECs table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Genotype Transgene iMMEC cell line name Wild-type WTA (or 21), WTB, WTC, WTD, WT3, WT5 Wild-type pcDNA3.1 vector WTA.V, WT3.V Wild-type Bcl-2 (human) WTA.B1, WTA.B4, WT3.B1, WT3.B2, WT3.B3, WT3.B8 Wild-type EGFP-LC3 WTA-LC3, WT3-LC3 Wild-type Bcl-2, EGFP-LC3 WTA.B4-LC3, WT3.B3-LC3 Wild-type HER2/neu (human, wild-type) WTA.H2, WTA.H3 Wild-type myr -Akt WTA.A5, WTA.A7 Wild-type H-Ras V12 WTA.R3, WTA.R5 beclin1 +/− BLN2 (or 2.1), BLN4 beclin1 +/− pcDNA3.1 vector BLN2.V beclin1 +/− Bcl-2 BLN2.B2, BLN2.B4, BLN2.B5, BLN2.B8 beclin1 +/− EGFP-LC3 BLN2-LC3 beclin1 +/− Bcl-2, EGFP-LC3 BLN2.B4-LC3.5 Open in a separate window Mouse (C57BL/6, Wild-type or mutant) mammary epithelial cell lines, E1A and p53DD-derived ( Karantza-Wadsworth et al., 2007 ) 3.4.

Techniques: Selection, Stable Transfection, Concentration Assay

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: In Vitro and In Vivo Antibiotic Capacity of Two Host Defense Peptides

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00145-20

Figure Lengend Snippet: MICs and hemolytic activity in vitro for antibiotics, Pin2[G], and FA1

Article Snippet: P. aeruginosa strain UPD3 was resistant to the same antibiotics as P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 ( ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antibiotic MIC (μg/ml) Hemolytic activity IC 50 (μg/ml) b S. aureus P. aeruginosa S. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 ATCC 25923 UPD13 ATCC 27853 UPD3 Azithromycin 1.5 >50 12.5 50 3.5 nd Ceftriaxone 1.5 >50 12.5 25 1.5 nd Vancomycin 1.5 1.5 >50 >50 50 nd Sulfamethoxazole >50 >50 >50 >50 25 nd Trimethoprim 1.5 1.5 >50 >50 1.5 nd Levofloxacin 1.5 >50 1.5 1.5 1.5 nd Amoxicillin 1.5 50 >50 >50 1.5 nd Gentamicin 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 nd Pin2[G] 12.5 a 7.5 >50 a 60 150 1.2 FA1 >50 >250 25 50 35 >250 Open in a separate window a From Arenas et al. ( 15 ). b Release of hemoglobin was quantified as indicative of cell lysis; 2.3 × 10 8 erythrocytes/ml were incubated at 37°C for 1 h. nd, not determined.

Techniques: Activity Assay, In Vitro